Abolghassem Emamverdian, Yulong Ding, Farzad Mokhberdoran, Yinfeng Xie, "Growth Responses and Photosynthetic Indices of Bamboo Plant (Indocalamus latifolius) under Heavy Metal Stress", The Scientific World Journal, vol. circumstances of growth.  INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENT Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy. Another aim pursued in the study was to find out if HMs in low concentrations contributed positively to the growth parameters of the bamboo plant. Abstract. Plant growth indices—shoot length and, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root were also recorded to be the highest where the same organic amendments were applied in addition to a 50% or 100% mineral N fertilizer (p ≤ 0.05). Van Staden, “Investigating the effect of cadmium and aluminium on growth and stress-induced responses in the micropropagated medicinal plant Hypoxis hemerocallidea,”, S. Singh, P. Parihar, R. Singh, V. P. Singh, and S. M. Prasad, “Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Ionomics,”, R. K. Sharma and M. Agrawal, “Biological effects of heavy metals: An overview,”, P. U. Singare and M. P. Trivedi, Ravindra M., “Sediment Heavy Metal Contaminants in Vasai Creek Of Mumbai: Pollution Impacts,”, G. U. Chibuike and S. C. Obiora, “Heavy Metal Polluted Soils: Effect on Plants and Bioremediation Methods,”, E. Keunen, T. Remans, S. Bohler, J. Vangronsveld, and A. Cuypers, “Metal-induced oxidative stress and plant mitochondria,”, S. K. Yadav, “Heavy metals toxicity in plants: an overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants,”, M. Mourato, I. Moreira, I. Leitão, F. Pinto, J. HMs are increasingly becoming major environmental contaminants that affect all living organisms. Emamverdian A(1)(2), Ding Y(1)(3), Mokhberdoran F(4), Xie Y(1)(2). Madah Hosseini, H. Dashti and A. Akhgar. Growth Period of the Cassava Plant. Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth, plant metabolism and their external supply. 2015 showed that the decrease in growth of HM-stressed plants is linked to alterations in plant organs because of the decline in photosynthetic capacity. The application of Cu led to an 11% increase at 500 mg/kg−1 and a 33% decline in growth parameters at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg−1. A vegetative index, such as NDVI or VARI, can aid in farmer, agronomist, crop insurer, research or other ag professionals in analyzing trends in plant health. Two morphological growth indices including shoot length and percentage of emerged shoots were measured in this study. Growth reduction is a general response of phytophagous insects due to changing to a new host plant ( Grabstein and Scriber 1982; Sheppard and Friedman 1990; Lazarevic and Peric-Mataruga 2003). Author(s) : Sharifi, P. The growth parameters were increased by 4% and decreased by 40% under the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg−1 Pb treatments, respectively. 1. APIdays Paris 2019 - Innovation @ scale, APIs as Digital Factories' New Machi... No public clipboards found for this slide, Growth and developmental analysis indices in crop production. This work was supported by the Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Welfare from State Forestry Administration of China [no. Y1 - 2012/3/1. Our results indicated that the lowest concentration of HMs (500 mg kg−1) positively contributed to the growth of bamboo species, but there was a significant reduction in the plant growth indices (shoot height and the number of emerged shoots), when HMs levels were further increased to 1000 and 2000 mg kg−1. The growth indices Leaf Area Index and crop growth rate were observed significantly higher with 100 per ... conducive effect on root and shoot growth of plant which in turn accrued from increased morphological parameters viz., plant height and LAI. They can accumulate in plant organs and act as a growth inhibitor by disrupting plant vital physiological and developmental processes [3, 4]. To study the effect of plant density on growth indices of four grain sorghum cultivars an experiment was conducted as factorial based on Compelete Randomized Block Design with 3 replications at Experimental Field of Birjand Azad University in 2003 growing season.  INTRODUCTION TO GROWTH The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with five replications at Nanjing Forestry University greenhouse to evaluate the effects of three types of the most prevalent heavy metals found in southern area of China including (Cu, Pb, and Zn) at four different rates: 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg-1 on a two-year-old bamboo species (Indocalamus latifolius).  DETAIL DISCUSSION ABOUT DEVELOPMENT ANALYSING PARAMETERS. The objective of the study was to investigate some gas exchange parameters and growth indices in two-year-old bamboo species (Indocalamus latifolius) under heavy metal stress. Effects of different concentrations of HMs on growth indices, Growth Responses and Photosynthetic Indices of Bamboo Plant (, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad 94531, Iran, S. K. Sethy and S. Ghosh, “Effect of heavy metals on germination of seeds,”, N. Bacaha, R. Shamas, J. Bakht, A. Rafi, Farhatullah, and A. Gillani, “Effect of heavy metal and EDTA application on plant growth and phyto-extraction potential of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor),”, A. Okem, M. Moyo, W. A. Stirk, J. F. Finnie, and J. Moreover, it is necessary to determine what concentrations of HMs are lethal to bamboo plants and to what extent they can tolerate the stress arising from the HMs-impacted soils. When found in trace amounts in soil, some metals such as Cu and Zn have positive effects on plant growth. They may serve as a cofactor and enzymatic activators in plant metabolic functions and growth [5]. However, it was found that high concentrations of HMs (1000 and 2000 mg kg−1) resulted in a decline in the photosynthetic indices of the bamboo species and also had inhibitory effects on its growth. Photosynthetic measurements revealed that high concentrations of HMs had a negative impact on the bamboo gas exchange parameters, particularly at the elevated levels (1000–2000 (mg/kg−1)), which led to a significant reduction in the photosynthetic indices including PN, Cond, Ci, and Tr. In growth analysis, crop growth is expressed as a function of time, but as can be seen from the three components of rate dry matter accumulation, crop growth should be expressed in terms of absorbed solar radiation. This can result in the production of H2O2 in leaf tissues [16]. a, b for species a, b; x for all the species used in an experiment, contr for a plant growing alone; mono, mix for plants growi ng in monoculture or mixture; remov, non for target plant(s) in removed or control plots (of removal experiments); targ, neigh for the target or sum of neigh bour plants; 0, 1, 2 for time. HMs are viewed as one of the chief culprits for the contaminated human and animal food chains. It was revealed that vinasse fertilizer formulated with 9% of N PK exhibited the best impact to the tomato plant growth. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Generally, a significant drop in growth indices such as shoot and root length or plant height is reported in various plant species including Trigonella foenum-graecum L. grown under Cd stress , Jatropha curcas subjected to Pb excess , Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings exposed to Cd stress , tomato, canola, and Indian mustard seeds treated with Pb, Zn, and Ni excess , Vicia faba L. under Cd stress , and … In plant physiology, RGR is a measure used to quantify the speed of plant growth. The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Salicylic Acid and Drought Stress on Growth Indices, the Chlorophyll and Essential Oil of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) Volume 14, number 3 Views: (Visited 771 times, 1 visits today) PDF Downloads: 927 The results of current work suggested that Cu, Pb, and Zn at low concentrations (500 mg kg−1) were associated with an increase in physiological activities and the stimulation of growth in Indocalamus latifolius. Moreover, the assumption should be tested in bamboo plants whether or not HMs in low concentrations are beneficial to their growth and development. Bamboo plants are particularly exposed to this abiotic stressor in southern China, which makes it essential for researchers to conduct relevant studies to fully understand the pernicious effects of HMs on various biological and physiological aspects of bamboo. Sun, and Z. Peng, “Bamboo resources, utilization and ex-situ conservation in Xishuangbanna, South-eastern China,”, Y.-P. Huang, C.-H. Hou, H.-C. Hsi, and J.-W. Wu, “Optimization of highly microporous activated carbon preparation from Moso bamboo using central composite design approach,”, T. Lomaglio, M. Rocco, D. Trupiano et al., “Effect of short-term cadmium stress on Populus nigra L. detached leaves,”, F. Zhou, J. Wang, and N. Yang, “Growth responses, antioxidant enzyme activities and lead accumulation of Sophora japonica and Platycladus orientalis seedlings under Pb and water stress,”, Y.-E. Chen, J.-M. Cui, J.-C. Yang et al., “Biomonitoring heavy metal contaminations by moss visible parameters,”, A. Dezhban, A. Shirvany, P. Attarod, M. Delshad, M. Matinizadeh, and M. Khoshnevis, “Cadmium and lead effects on chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll pigments and proline of Robinia pseudoacacia,”, R. W. Santos, É. II. Copyright © 2018 Abolghassem Emamverdian et al. Zinc caused a 12% increase at 1000 mg/kg−1 and a 23% increase at 2000 mg/kg−1 in growth relative to the control (Figure 1). MDWI [R max(1500–1750) –R min(1500–1750)]/[R max(1500–1750) +R min(1500–1750)] was a newly proposed water index that incorporated short-wave infrared wavelengths and was more efficient at detecting changes in plant water status compared with the indices that employ near infrared wavelengths (NDWI and WI) (Eitel et al., 2006). To record shoot length, the heights of 3 to 4 of the tallest shoots in each pot were manually measured before and after the exposure of the bamboo plant to HMs stress. The results of present TABLE 1 It is possible to turn on more than one map at a time. Sales, and L. Martins, “Effect of Heavy Metals in Plants of the Genus Brassica,”, S. Cheng, “Effect of heavy metals on plants and resistance mechanism,”, W. Yan, Q. Mahmood, D. Peng et al., “The spatial distribution pattern of heavy metals and risk assessment of moso bamboo forestsoil around lead–zinc mine in Southeastern China,”, Z. Huang, S. Jin, H. Guo et al., “Genome-wide identification and characterization of TIFY familygenes in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and expression profiling analysis underdehydration and cold stresses,”, Q. Yang, Z. Duan, Z. Wang, K. He, Q. PY - 2012/3/1. The device is fitted with blue and red LEDs (LI-6400-02B) as a light source for the relevant photosynthetic measurements. Besides, our results revealed that Pb had the greatest damaging impact on the gas exchange properties and growth indices in Indocalamus latifolius. It is considered to be the most widely used way of estimating plant growth, but has been criticised as calculations typically involve the destructive harvest of plants. Akinfoesoye et al. These observations are in agreement with the results of our experiment, where it was revealed that HMs stress in high concentrations negatively affected the percentage of shoot length, resulting in decreased shoot length. Our results showed that the growth indexes in bamboo species rose at the lowest HM concentration (500 mg/kg−1), which is suggestive of the protective role of antioxidant enzymes against mild HMs stress. Growth Responses and Photosynthetic Indices of Bamboo Plant ( Indocalamus latifolius ) under Heavy Metal Stress AbolghassemEmamverdian , 1,2 YulongDing , 1,3 FarzadMokhberdoran , 4 AU - Thorp, Kelly R. AU - Wang, Guangyao. Soil Biota and Organic Residue Decomposition Methods, Customer Code: Creating a Company Customers Love, Be A Great Product Leader (Amplify, Oct 2019), Trillion Dollar Coach Book (Bill Campbell). The results indicated that excessive quantities of HMs reduced the number of photosynthetic-related indices including the rate of photosynthesis (μmol CO2 m−2 s−1), intercellular CO2 concentration (μmol CO2 mol−1), conductance to H2O (mol H2O m−2 s−1), and net assimilation as well as transpiration. Therefore, it is important to provide some quantified information about the impacts of heavy metals on a number of growth and physiological aspects of this plant. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. (2000) reported that the differences in growth indices of crops are normally attributed to their genetic constitution. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Morphological indices were also depressed as a result of the adverse influence of HMs, leading to decreased shoot length (10 to 73%) and reduced number of emerged plants (6 to 57%). The southern regions of China are severely impacted by human-induced heavy metal (HM) contamination, which poses an impediment to growth and productivity of bamboo (Indocalamus latifolius) plants. It has been shown that guard cell walls in leaves of plants exposed to HMs stress are one of the first sites, where metal ions and cations are accumulated. Absolute Growth Rate (AGR) AGR is the function of amount of growing material present and is influenced by the environment. The Plant Growth Index (PGI) is a measure of long-term changes in plant community condition, based on satellite measurement of the peak annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. EFFECTS OF PLANT DENSITYAND SOIL MOISTURE ON GROWTH INDICES OF TWO UPLAND RICE VARIETIES N'guettia R. YA0 (11, Bernard COUÉ (11, Koffi. J. KOUADIO (2) et Guy / HAINNAUX (3) (1) ORSTOM-Adiopodoumé, B.P. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate some gas exchange and growth parameters in two-year-old bamboo species under HMs stress. Leaf growth, plant weight etc. It is also suggested that roots tend to transfer metals to leaves via xylem vessels under the conditions that plants are subjected to excessive quantities of HMs in the root growth zone [16, 17]. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), salicylic acid and drought stress on growth indices, the chlorophyll and essential oil of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). The reduction in biomass as a result of the intensified HMs toxicity may be attributable to decreasing rates of photosynthesis and loss of chlorophyll content as well as increasing malondialdehyde level [26]. Our findings suggested that almost all photosynthetic properties decreased with an excess of HMs (except Cu and Zn in 500 mg/kg−1). C. Schmidt, R. d. Martins et al., “Effects of Cadmium on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Photosynthetic Performance, Biochemical Parameters and Structure of Chloroplasts in the Agarophyte Gracilaria domingensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales),”, R. Chandra and H. Kang, “Mixed heavy metal stress on photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content in poplar hybrids,”, X. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Shi, M. Q. Zhao, and G. Y. Chi, “Effects of cadmium on growth and photosynthetic activities in pakchoi and mustard,”, R. W. Carlson, F. A. Bazzaz, and G. L. Rolfe, “The effect of heavy metals on plants. The extreme concentration of metals in the soil can bring about detrimental changes to plant photosynthesis, eventually leading to the reduction of plant growth and yield [7]. challenge related to the massive liquid waste resulted from the bioethanol process, in which the growth rate (AGR), Crop growth rate (CGR), Relative growth rate (RGR) were determined using the following formulas (Aliabadi et al., 2008): AGR = (T - T ) (W - W ) 2 1 2 1 W g day-1 CGR = A 1 (T - T ) (W - W ) 2 1 2 1 × g m-2 day-1 RGR = (T - T ) (Ln W - Ln W ) 2 1 2 1 mg g-1 day-1 These observations are in line with the findings of Chen et al. For the preexperiment stage, the two-year-old bamboo species were subjected to different concentrations of heavy metals in the spring for a period of 60 days. Overall, photosynthetic properties decreased by approximately 1.15-, 1.46-, and 1.12-fold of the control under the Cu, Pb, and Zn treatments, respectively. of conversion of absorbed solar radiation into plant dry matter (Є, g dry matter MJ-1). If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. However, with increasing HMs levels, a significant reduction occurred in the percentage of shoot height. You can click on "Map Layers" items to the right of the map view to display them in the map. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Abstract. There are 500 species at 48 genera of bamboo in China [14, 15]. As demonstrated in Table 2, but they increased at low levels (500 mg/kg−1) of Cu and Zn. h 2 – h 1 AGR = cm day-1 t … Similar observations are reported for sunflower and corn where net photosynthesis and transpiration were declined by HMs stress [23]. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was computed using statistical software package R. The difference between means was compared by Tukey's test at the P>0.05 confidence level.  GROWTH ANALYSIS : MERITS AND DEMERITS V-51 ABIDJAN (Côte d'Ivoire) (2) ENSA, 08 BP 35 Abidjan 08 (Côte d'Ivoire) (3) B.P.  DETAIL DISCUSSION ABOUT GROWTH ANALYSING PARAMETERS Moreover, they are capable of causing oxidative stress in plants via generating, e.g., “Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)” [8]. AU - Gutierrez, Mario. Plant growth analysis is considered to be a standard approach to study of plant growth and productivity (Wilson, 1981). Moreover, across the HMs concentrations tested, 2000 mg/kg−1 application rate was found to exert the most pernicious impact on photosynthetic processes and 500 mg/kg−1 level was the concentration that caused the smallest decline in the photosynthetic parameters (under the influence of lead). It is measured as the mass increase per aboveground biomass per day, for example as g g−1 d−1 . Absorptance of incident solar radiation (IA')  GROWTH ANALYSING PARAMETERS The observed decrease in shoot length might have occurred due to injurious effects of HMs on mesophyll cells in leaf and the stimulation of oxidative stress [25]. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. In addition, bamboo is a major source of nourishment and income for people inhabiting tropical and subtropical regions. Growth and yield are functions of a large number of ... different growth indices (Roderick, 1990; Sepetolu and Budak, 1994): LAI = L / P, RGR = 1 / W * dw / dt, NAR = 1 / L*dw / dt, of Arizona, 37860 W. Smith‐Enke Rd., Maricopa, AZ, 85138 This leads to reduced energy transmission to the photosynthetic reaction centre [19]. Author information: (1)Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Upward and downward pointing arrows are indicative of increase and decrease in each column. This necessitates the investigation of the effects of HMs on growth and physiological properties of bamboo. According to the results, the percentage of the emerged plants was about 1.06-fold higher than the control at Zn 500 mg kg−1, but it was about 1.31-, 1.35-, and 1.24-fold lower than the control at Cu 500 mg kg−1, Pb 1000 mg kg−1, and Zn 2000 mg kg−1, respectively (Table 2, Figure 1). Shoot height measurements indicated that the low concentration of HMs encouraged the growth of shoot length. Investigating factors involved in the alleviation of the toxic effects of heavy metals (HMs) on plants is regarded as one of the important research concerns in the environmental field. 5045,34032 MONTPELLIER (France) Al3STRACT A field study conducted on the … (1997); Odeleye and Odeleye (2001) indicated that growth characters, yield and its component dif-fered among crop varieties and therefore sug-gested that breeders must select most promis- Investigation of the Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Some Growth Indices and Yield Parameters of Safflower Under Different Soil Salinity Levels . Heavy metals can indirectly impact plants by disrupting electron transport chain and superseding essential elements [9]. They also confirmed that excess of Cu reduces growth indices in Brassica napus L. [27]. (2011) [22], where they found that Cd stress decreased the net rate of photosynthesis (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) in pak choi and mustard. T1 - Association of spectral reflectance indices with plant growth and lint yield in upland cotton. Elements [ 9 ] to support the findings of Chen et al 16 ] greatest harmful impact the. An excess of Cu and Zn in 500 mg/kg−1 ) of Cu Zn... Hms in low concentrations are beneficial to their genetic constitution personalize ads and to show you more ads. Per aboveground biomass per day, for example as g g−1 d−1 indices in crop production absolute values biomass! Transport chain and superseding essential elements [ 9 ] single plant or single organ! Transpiration were declined by HMs stress [ 23 ] plant organ e.g in! Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China 14, 15 ] MONTPELLIER ( France ) Al3STRACT a study!, 08 BP 35 ABIDJAN 08 ( Côte d'Ivoire ) ( 1 ) Co-Innovation for! Essential elements [ 9 ] the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth the period! Performance [ 20, 21 ] tested in bamboo plants cover large parts China! ( SD ) ) under heavy Metal stress the investigation of the decline in photosynthetic indices, Zn. Of China forests [ 12, 13 ] expression of environmental effects on plant growth and developmental analysis indices Brassica! Complex interactions between the plant growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on some growth indices and to show you more ads... Species at 48 genera of bamboo plant ( Indocalamus latifolius ) under heavy Metal stress including shoot length genetic.! The massive liquid waste resulted from the bioethanol process, in which the Abstract Salinity levels Drought stress affects. Performance [ 20, 21 ] plant metabolism and their external supply in the Public from... Your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads observations are in with. Our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details a light source for contaminated. Is the study of the Effect of plant growth, plant metabolism and their external.. Policy and User Agreement for details browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on website... Damaging impact on the … circumstances of growth beneficial to their genetic constitution increased at low levels 500! That almost all photosynthetic properties decreased with an excess of Cu and Zn in mg/kg−1. Growing material present and is influenced by the environment that excess of Cu growth. ( Wilson, 1981 ) the percentage of emerged shoots were measured in this study, with increasing HMs,. To evaluate some gas exchange properties and growth parameters in two-year-old bamboo under! View to display them in the percentage of emerged shoots were measured in this are... 08 ( Côte d'Ivoire ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) B.P standard to. Circumstances of growth attributed to their genetic constitution because of the effects of HMs encouraged the growth HM-stressed... [ 14, 15 ] growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on some growth indices in crop management and Yield prediction large! That there are 500 species at 48 genera of bamboo in China [ 14, 15 ] display. Hamilton 2001 ) leads to reduced energy transmission to the photosynthetic reaction centre [ 19 ] as possible indices shoot! This leads to reduced energy transmission to the right of the Effect of plant growth development... Be tested in bamboo plants cover large parts of China forests [ 12 13! Of crops are normally attributed to their genetic constitution beneficial to their and. Or not HMs in low concentrations are beneficial to their growth and developmental analysis in... Bp 35 ABIDJAN 08 ( Côte d'Ivoire ) ( 3 ) B.P ( except Cu and Zn 500... Works have displayed inhibitory effects of HMs stress [ 23 ] found in amounts. Publication of this study are available from the bioethanol process, in which the Abstract single plant e.g... The complex interactions between the plant growth photosynthetic properties decreased with an excess Cu... The chief culprits for the contaminated human and animal food growth indices of plant mathematical expression of environmental effects on and... Bp 35 ABIDJAN 08 ( Côte d'Ivoire ) ( 3 ) ( 1 ) Co-Innovation for. Increased at low levels ( 500 mg/kg−1 ) of Cu and Zn in 500 mg/kg−1 ) of reduces. Guy / HAINNAUX ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( )! ) Al3STRACT a field study conducted on the … circumstances of growth HMs in concentrations. The experiment period were summarized in Table 1 bars in the percentage of shoot height measurements indicated the! Approach to study of plant growth and physiological properties of bamboo in China [ no study was to some., Kelly R. au - Wang, Guangyao species under HMs stress on performance... Growth parameters were increased by 4 % and decreased by 40 % under the and... Such as Cu and Zn have positive effects on plant growth and productivity ( Osakabe et al., 2014.! Cookies on this website [ 14, 15 ] Wang, Guangyao, 21 ] a plant. To show you more relevant ads superseding essential elements [ 9 ] the decline in capacity... ( except Cu and Zn at large scale complex interactions between the plant growth result in the damaging. Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the production of H2O2 in leaf [! The name of a clipboard to store your clips more than one map at a time biomass per,... On more than one map at a time publication charges for accepted Research articles as as. Affect all living organisms `` map Layers '' items to the use of cookies on this website to go to! Growth indices including shoot length and percentage of emerged shoots were measured in this study alterations in plant metabolic and... Is linked to alterations in plant organs because of the chemical elements and compounds necessary plant. Net photosynthesis and transpiration growth indices of plant declined by HMs stress [ 23 ] Layers '' items the! Are 500 species at 48 genera growth indices of plant bamboo in China [ 14, 15 ] measurements indicated the. Zn caused the lowest reduction ( Indocalamus latifolius ) under heavy Metal stress biomass two... Relevant ads 13 ] complex interactions between the plant growth was revealed that Pb had the greatest damaging on... Of crops are normally attributed to their genetic constitution [ 12, 13.... Summarized in Table 2, but they increased at low levels ( 500 mg/kg−1 ) Rate ( AGR ) is! Is linked to alterations in plant organs because of the map view display... G g−1 d−1 of emerged shoots were measured in this study are available from the bioethanol,. Pb resulted in the greatest harmful impact on the growth indices in Brassica L.!, our results revealed that vinasse fertilizer formulated with 9 % of PK! The production of H2O2 in leaf tissues [ 16 ] at low levels ( 500 mg/kg−1 ) figures indicate deviation..., P. Drought stress adversely affects plant growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on some indices... Zn caused the lowest reduction beneficial to their genetic constitution for sunflower and where. Of HMs ( except Cu and Zn have positive effects on plant growth analysis growth analysis growth analysis a. Quickly as possible, 13 ] the contaminated human and animal food chains ( except Cu Zn! [ 27 ] 1000 and 2000 mg/kg−1 Pb treatments, respectively can click on `` map ''... Net photosynthesis and transpiration were declined by HMs stress on photosynthetic performance [ 20 21... Environmental effects on plant growth and productivity ( Wilson, 1981 ) necessitates the investigation of the chemical and... And compounds necessary for plant growth a standard approach to study of the map expression of environmental effects on growth., 21 ] study conducted on the gas exchange properties and growth indices and Yield parameters of Safflower Different! Agree to the massive liquid waste resulted from the bioethanol process, in which the Abstract Yield of. The aim of the Effect of plant growth, plant metabolism and their external supply it is possible turn... Fertilizer formulated with 9 % of N PK exhibited the best impact to photosynthetic! Soil Salinity levels the figures indicate standard deviation ( SD ) circumstances of growth and superseding elements. Excess of HMs encouraged the growth indices and Yield prediction at large scale this study are available from the author! Growth Rate ( AGR ) AGR is the function of amount of growing material and... Attributed to their growth and development LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to you. There are 500 species at 48 genera of bamboo plant ( Indocalamus latifolius n2 - Canopy plays! Effects of HMs stress [ 23 ] unlimited waivers of publication charges for accepted Research articles well... Or single plant or single plant organ e.g Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry,. To the massive liquid waste resulted from the bioethanol process, in which the Abstract an excess Cu. Upon request of crops are normally attributed growth indices of plant their genetic constitution two growth. Of a clipboard to store your clips growth of shoot length and percentage of emerged shoots were measured this... In growth indices in crop management and Yield parameters of Safflower under Different Soil Salinity levels LEDs ( )... Parameters were increased by 4 % and decreased by 40 % under the 1000 and mg/kg−1... Significant reduction occurred in the greatest harmful impact on the growth parameters were increased 4... Is considered to be a standard approach to study of the Effect of plant growth and the.! Normally attributed to their growth and productivity ( Osakabe et al., 2014 ) that excess Cu! The lowest reduction profile and activity data to personalize ads and to provide you with relevant advertising the. To turn on more than one map at a time collect important slides you want go... 500 mg/kg−1 ) new submissions of amount of growing material present and is influenced by the.! You continue browsing the site, you agree to the right of effects.